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PFOA HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS BY ENDPOINT

 

TAB DATE PUBLISHED? SPONSOR POPULATION ASSOCIATION STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT?
I. LIPIDS
1 12/22/78 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Increased incidence of metabolic disorders Yes
12 1996 Yes Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Altered HDL dependant on alcohol & obesity levels Yes
17 3/03 Yes 3M 3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased triglycerides

Increased cholesterol

Yes

Yes

15 2000 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Decreased CCK Yes
19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for:

•- disorders of lipid metabolism

– cholelithiasis

20 9/7/04 No Mitini (Italy) Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased non-HDL cholesterol

No

No

22 1/10/05 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased triglycerides

Yes

Yes

Yes

24 8/06 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers Increased cholesterol No
27 6/07 Yes 3M 3M Alabama/Belgium/

Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers

Decreased HDL

Increased triglycerides

Yes

Yes

30 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol Yes
32 10/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased VLDL

Yes

Yes

Yes

33 2008 No WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased total cholesterol-children
36 12/29/08 Yes Taiwan Hospital General U.S. Population Increased B cell function (associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome) Yes
40 3/09 Yes Mitini Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol Yes
47 10/21/09 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Adults) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased non-HDL

Increased triglycerides

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

52 11/2/09 Yes Boston Univ. General U.S. Population Increased total cholesterol

Increased non-HDL cholesterol

Yes

Yes

59 9/7/10 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased HDL

Yes

Yes

No

82 11/17/11 Yes Taiwan Hospital General Taiwanese Population (ages 12-30) No associations with glucose homeostasis, adiponectin level, lipid profile, or inflammatory markers in young population with low average PFOA exposures (only 2.39 ppb average PFOA serum level)
89 7/13 Yes C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased LDL associated with decreased PFOA Yes
96 8/12 Yes 3M 3M Fluorochemical Demolition Workers Increased HDL

[No significant positive associations with non-HDL cholesterol]

93 3/12 Yes 3M General US Population Partitioning of PFOA to lipid fraction of blood does not support reverse causality on lipid associations
100 5/10/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No association between prenatal exposure and increased risk of obesity or metabolic syndrome]

Increased LDL and decreased insulin associated with prenatal exposure

No
112 8/3/12 Yes Chinese Researchers Chinese Fluorochemical Workers and Nearby Population Decreased HDL-C

Increased miR-26b

Increased miR-199a-3p

Yes
115 8/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased NR1H2 (Liver receptor B; LXRB) transcript levels (gene involved in lipid metabolism
118 10/26/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link found with hypercholesterolemia Yes
129 2/18/13 Yes Danish Cancer Soc. General Danish Population (50-65 year olds) Increased total cholesterol Yes
140 11/13 Yes WVU and Other Researchers General U.S. Population (12-18 year olds) Increased total cholesterol and LDL-C Yes
149 5/14 Yes Chinese Researchers General Chinese Population Increased total cholesterol and LDLC
152 9/26/14 Yes C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population/DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased cholesterol Yes
159 1/29/15 Yes Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwanese Population (Children 12-15 Years Old) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased triglycerides

Decreased HDL

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

162 5/23/15 Yes U.S/U.K Researchers General U.K. Population (Females) Prenatal exposure may effect later life lipid levels
168 11/11/15 Yes Brown Univ. General U.S. Population (Children in Ohio and Kentucky) Increased adiposity at age 8 and more rapid increase in BMI between ages 2-8
II. URIC ACID
22 1/10/05 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased uric acid Yes
40 3/09 Yes Mitini Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased uric acid Yes
48 10/22/09 Yes C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (adults) Increased uric acid Yes
78 9/11 Yes WVU General U.S. Population Increased uric acid Yes
130 4/3/13 Yes Univ. Wisc. General U.S. Population (Children) Increased hyperuricemia Yes
171 3/10/16 Yes Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwan Population (Children 12-15) Increased serum uric acid in boys Yes
III. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (IHD)
19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for coronary disease/cardiac arrest/hypertension
31 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased IHD mortality No
37 2008 Yes Plaintiffs WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased self-reports of angina
44 6/23/09 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased IHD deaths at longest exposure categories No
101 5/31/12 Yes Korean Univ. General U.S. Population Increased homocysteine and systolic blood pressure/hypertension Yes
114 9/3/12 Yes WVU General U.S. Population Increased cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Increased peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Yes

Yes

118 10/26/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with hypertension]

[No Probable Link found with coronary artery disease]

IV. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE (STROKE/MI)
5 3/30/81 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased MI incidence among foremen Yes
16 4/26/01 No Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased death from cerebrovascular disease Yes
37 2008 Yes Plaintiffs WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased self reports of MI

Increased self reports of stroke

51 11/09 Yes 3M/Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased cerebrovascular disease death Yes
110 7/30/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with stroke]
137 10/13 Yes C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased stroke incidence, except at highest exposure levels
V. DIABETES
19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for diabetes
31 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased diabetes mortality Yes
36 12/29/08 Yes Taiwan Hospital General U.S. Population Increased B cell function

(associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome)

Yes
46/142 9/09 [PUBLISHED 11/13] Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [no association with adult Type II diabetes]
51 11/09 Yes 3M/Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased diabetes death Yes
98 4/13/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link with adult Type II diabetes]
107 7/30/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link with Type 1 diabetes
143 11/13 Yes Swedish Researchers General Swedish Population Age 70 Increased diabetes prevalence No
158 1/19/15 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased type 2 diabetes
VI. CANCER
2A 2/80 No 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased following types of cancer among males working more than 6 months in Chemical Division:

– Esophogus

– Larynx

– Skin

– Prostate

– Testis

10 10/92 No U. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased leukocyte counts

Increased prostate cancer deaths in long exposure group

Yes

Yes

11 9/93 Yes U. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased prostate cancer deaths in high exposure group Yes
16 4/26/01 No U. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers [no cancer death excess using redefined exposure categories]
18 2003 Yes U. Minn. 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased bladder cancer deaths

Increased liver cancer deaths

Yes

No

19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for:

•- Malignant colon neoplasm

•- Malignant rectum neoplasm

•- Malignant neoplasm of lower respiratory tract

•- Malignant skin melanoma

•- Malignant prostate neoplasm

•- Benign colonic polyps

90 10/04 No UCLA WV/OH C8 Community

DuPont WV PFOA Workers

Increased self-reported prevalence of:

•- Uterine/cervical cancer

•- Multiple myeloma

•- Lung cancer

•- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

•- Bladder cancer

•- Colon/rectal cancer

Increased bladder cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Increased prostate cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

21 11/04-

2/05

No UCLA WW/OH C8 Community

DuPont WV PFOA Workers

Increased self-reported cervical/uterine cancer

Increased self-reported prostate cancer

Increased self-reported breast cancer

Increased prostate cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

23 3/1/06 No WV Dept. Health Wood/Mason Cty WV General Population Increased prostate cancer incidence

Increased leukemia incidence

Increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence

Increased cutaneous melanoma

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

25 11/06 Yes Univ. Cincinnati Firefighters (PFOA not directly measured) Increased risk of multiple myeloma

Increased risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Increased risk of prostate cancer

Increased risk of testicular cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

31 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased death from kidney cancer No
43 4/7/09 Yes Danish Cancer Society General Danish Population Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in highest exposure group No
51 11/09 Yes 3M/Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased prostate cancer death Yes
70 10/18/12 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased death from kidney cancer Yes
79 10/6/11 Yes Aarhus Univ. (Denmark) General Greelandic Inuit Population Increased risk of breast cancer Yes (combined PFCs)
99 4/15/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link with testicular cancer

Probable Link with kidney cancer

[No Probable Link with other cancers]

Yes

Yes

125 1/8/13 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased testicular cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Increased prostate cancer

Increased ovarian cancer

Increased Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Yes

Yes

135 7/5/13 Yes Italian Researchers U.S./European Fluorochemical Workers (Including DuPont WV PFOA Workers) Increased liver cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Increased leukemia

136 9/5/13 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population/DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased kidney cancer

Increased testicular cancer

Yes

Yes

145 1/27/14 Yes WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased colorectal cancer Yes
148 5/14/14 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased bladder cancer

Increased pancreatic cancer

158 1/19/15 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased prostate cancer
VII. IMMUNE FUNCTION
1 12/22/78 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Increased incidence of allergic disorders Yes
24 8/06 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers Increased monocyte count Yes
33 2008 No WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased CRP

Decreased IG

40 3/09 Yes Mitini (Italy) Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased IgA

Increased globulins

No

Yes

42 3/16/09 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased lgA

Increased ANA

Decreased CRP

Decreased IgE (females)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

56 2010 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking, OH Water Customers Increased anemia Yes
58 8/26/10 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Slightly increased risk of hospitalization for girls with highest prenatal exposures No
67 4/19/11 Yes Taiwan Hospital General Taiwan Population (Children) Increased cord blood IgE levels Yes
80 10/11 Yes Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) General Sapparo Japan Population (Infants) Decreased IgE (female infants)

[No associations with food allergy, eczema, wheezing, or otitis media in first 18 months]

Yes
91 1/25/12 Yes Harvard Univ. General Faroe Islands Population (Children) Decreased humoral immune response to childhood immunizations Yes
97 2/12 No Norwegian Inst. Pub. Health General Norwegian Population – Children Decreased response to rubella vaccinations
100 5/10/12 No C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No association between prenatal exposure and risk of childhood infections or asthma since birth]
107/111/132 6/4/13 Yes C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population/DuPont WV PFOA Workers Decreased response to influenza vaccine

Probable Link found with increased ulcerative colitis

[No Probable Link found with:

•- Rheumatoid arthritis

•- Lupus

•- Chrohn’s disease

•- Multiple sclerosis

•- Common infections

•- Respiratory disease]

124 1/8/13 Yes China med. Univ. General Northern Taiwan Population (10-15 year olds) Increased asthma Yes
126 1/25/13 Yes Norwegian Inst. Pub. Health General Norwegian Population Decreased anti-rubella antibodies

Increased incidence of common colds (children under 3)

Increased incidence of gastroenteritis (children under 3)

150 6/6/14 Yes Univ. Cal. General U.S. Population (Children 12-19) Increased asthma
158 1/19/15 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased ulcerative colitis

Increased rheumatoid arthritis

174 8/9/16 Yes Harvard General Faroe Islands Population (Ages 7, 13) Decreased antibody response
VIII. THYROID FUNCTION
10 10/92 No U. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased TSH Yes
17 3/03 Yes 3M 3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased T3 Yes
24 8/06 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers [no effect on thyroid]
27 6/07 Yes 3M 3M Alabama/Belgium/

Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers

Decreased free T4

Increased T3

Yes

Yes

33 2008 No WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased free TH
39 2/09 Yes SUNY New York General Population-Fishermen [no effects on thyroid function]
55 1/20/10 Yes Peninsula Medical School General U.S. Population Increased reported thyroid disease in women

Increased reported thyroid disease in men

Yes

No

65 2/8/11 Yes Univ. Alberta General Alberta Canada Population [no effect on hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women]
73 8/1/11 Yes WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased serum thyroxine

Reduced T3

Yes

Yes

74 8/2/11 Yes Korean Univ. General S. Korean Population Reduced thyroid hormone levels No
87/144 12/5/11 [3/14 -Published] Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population – Adults Increased thyroid disease Yes
75 3/27/12 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population – Children Increased thyroid disease
102 6/12 No Univ. Albany General Hudson River NY Population Increased T4
106 7/30/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Probable Link found with thyroid disease
134 7/17/13 Yes Taiwanese Univ. General U.S. Population Increased T3 in women

Increased subclinical hypothyroidism in women

Yes
154 12/4/14 Yes S.U.N.Y. Albany General New York State Population Increased fT4 and T4 with age
155 12/10/14 Yes Dutch Researchers General Danish Population Increased T4 in girls at high exposure
158 1/19/15 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased thyroid disease (males)
167 10/30/15 Yes Canadian Researchers General U.S. Population Increased thyroid disruption in sensitive subpopulation of adults with high TPOAb and low iodine status
IX. LIVER FUNCTION
1 12/22/78 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Abnormal liver function
2 3/15/79 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Abnormal liver function No
3 8/80 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased SGOT
4 1/28/81 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased SGOT

Increased AP

Yes

Yes

7 5/28/82 No 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers [no elevated liver enzymes]
8 1/28/83 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers [no elevated liver enzymes]
12 1996 Yes Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Altered SGOT, GGT, and SGPT dependant on alcohol & obesity levels Yes
13 8/5/96 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased SGOT

Increased AP

Increased LDH

No

No

No

15 2000 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers [No elevated liver enzymes]
17 3/03 Yes 3M 3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased GGT

Increased AP

Increased ALT

Yes

Yes

Yes

19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for liver disorders
24 8/06 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers [no liver associations found]
26 4/2/07 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased LDH

Decreased total bilirubin

Increased serum aspartate aminotransferase

27 6/07 Yes 3M 3M Alabama/Belgium/

Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers

Decreased bilirubin

Increased Alkaline phosphatase

Increased ALT/GGT

Yes

Yes

Yes

30 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Decreased total bilirubin

Increased AST

Yes

Yes

32 10/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased GGT

Increased AST

Increased ALT

Yes

No

No

33 2008 No WVU C8 WV/OH Settlement Population Increased ALT

Increased AST/SGOT

40 3/09 Yes Mitini Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Decreased bilirubin

Increased ALT

Increased GGT

Increased ALP

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

53 12/15/09 Yes Taiwan Hospital General U.S. Population Increased ALT

Increased GGT

Yes

No

71 1/30/12 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased ALT

Altered bilirubin

Yes
103 6/12 No US EPA General U.S. Population Increased ALT Yes
120 10/26/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with liver disease]
158 1/19/15 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased non-hepatitis liver disease
172 3/15/16 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased ALT

Decreased bilirubin

X. KIDNEY FUNCTION
13 8/5/96 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased kidney disease incidence No
31 8/07 Yes DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased death from kidney cancer No
70 10/18/12 Yes C8 Science Panel DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased death from kidney cancer

Increased death from chronic kidney disease

Yes

Yes

76 8/26/11 Yes WVU General US Population Increased chronic kidney disease Yes
95 2/12 No 3M 3M Fluorochemical Workers Increased chronic kidney disease No
105 3/11/13 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) Decreased eGFR (kidney function)
119 10/26/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with chronic kidney disease]
XI. HORMONE EFFECTS
2 3/15/79 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Increased incidence of endocrine/metabolic disorders Yes
10 10/92 No Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased estrodiol

Decreased free testosterone

Increased hemoglobin

Increased mean cellular volume

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

14 7/98 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased estradiol in high exposure group

Elevated 17-HP

No

No

26 4/2/07 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased estradiol

Increased testosterone

160 3/26/15 Yes Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwanese Population (Aged 12-30) Decreased SHBG Yes
163 6/2/15 Yes Tenn. Researchers General U.K. Population (15 years Old) Increased testosterone following prenatal exposures
173 8/16 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children Age 6-9) Decreased testosterone in boys
XII. DEVELOPMENTAL/REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
6 9/81 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased birth defect incidence Yes
9 12/84 No DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers – Males CLAIMS of infertility among male workers – not pursued
19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for:

•- Preterm labor

•- Infertility

21 11/04-

2/05

No UCLA WW/OH C8 Community Decreased age to menopause
28 7/31/07 Yes Johns Hopkins General US Population Decreased birth weight

Decreased ponderal index

Decreased head circumference

Yes

Yes

Yes

29 8/16/07 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Decreased birth weight Yes
35 11/4/08 Yes Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) General Sapporo Japan Population [no effects on birth weight]
38 1/28/09 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish population Increased time to pregnancy Yes
41 3/2/09 Yes Univ. Denmark General Danish population Decreased normal sperm Yes
45 819/09 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased preeclampsia

Increased birth defects

Yes

Yes

49 10/28/09 Yes Univ. Alberta General Alberta Canada Population [no effect on birth weight]
50 11/09 Yes Univ. Cincinnati General OH/KY Population Increased pubescent maturation in breasts of young girls
54 2009 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers [no effects on birth weight]
56 2010 Yes Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers Increased dysfunctional labor Yes
58 8/26/10 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Slightly increased risk of hospitalization for girls with highest prenatal PFOA exposure No
60 9/13/10 Yes Emory Univ. General U.K. Population Decreased time to menarche/puberty in girls No
62 10/12/10 Yes Danish Government General Danish Population Decreased baby weight in first year

Decreased baby body mass in first year

Yes

Yes

66 3/16/11 Yes WVU WW/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased time to menopause Yes
61 5/2/11 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (children) Increased time to reach puberty in girls Yes
69 7/11 Yes 3M General NC Population No significant effects on sperm quality
72 5/12 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased preeclampsia

Slight increase in congenital heart defects

[No other birth outcome effects]

Yes
74 8/2/11 Yes Korean Univ. General S. Korean Population [No association with birth weight]
94 3/15/12 Yes Danish Univ. General Greenland, Poland, Ukraine Population – Male Slight increase in SHBG and TUNEL-positivity

[No other associations with sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptosis or reproductive hormones]

No
77 3/26/12 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Inconsistent decreased birth weight in highest exposure categories

Inconsistent reduced fetal growth

Large, imprecise associations with preterm birth

[No association with stillbirth, pregnancy-induced hypertension]

81 11/10/11 Yes NIEHS General Norwegian Population Increased subfecundity (time to pregnancy) in parous but not nulliparous women Yes
83-86, 88 12/5/11 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link with pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia

[No Probable Link with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, or birth defects]

92 2/3/12 Yes Danish/Icelandic Researchers General Danish Population Increased overweight status in female

children at age 20

Yes
104 7/12 Yes Shantou Univ (China) General Chinese Population living near electronic waste recycling area Decreased gestational age

Decreased birth weight

Decreased birth length

Decreased Apgar scores

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

113 8/30/12 Yes Emory Univ. General British Population Decreased birth weight
116 9/20/12 Yes Korean University Researchers General Korean Population Decreased birth weight

Decreased birth length

Decreased ponderal index

117 11/12 Yes Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Inst. Of Child Health and Human Health General U.S. Population (Salt Lake City and San Francisco areas) Increased endometriosis
127 1/28/13 Yes Danish Univ. General Danish Population (males 19-21 years old) Decreased adjusted sperm concentration

Decreased total sperm count

Increased luteinizing hormone (LH)

Increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

133 7/9/13 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased pregnancy-induced hypertension
138 10/15/13 Yes Danish Researchers General Danish Population (Pregnant Women) Increased time to menarche among daughters of exposed mothers
139 10/25/13 Yes Danish Researchers General Greenland/Poland/Ukraine Population (Pregnant Women) Increased length of menstrual cycle
141/146 11/26/13 [2/14 published] Yes NIEHS General U.S. Population (Women ages 20-65) Decreased time to menopause Yes
147 5/14 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased miscarriage risk at highest exposure levels
151 8/15/14 Yes Shriver Nat. Inst. Of Child Health & Human Devel. General U.S. Population Decreased sperm with coiled tail
161 4/7/15 Yes Danish Researchers General Danish Population (Pregnant Women) [No association between PFOA and miscarriage]
165 6/26/15 Yes General Poland, Greenland, Ukraine Population (Infants) U.S. Population Decreased birth weight
169 1/20/16 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population (Women 40+ years) [No association with earlier age at menopause]
XIII. NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS
2 3/15/79 No DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Increased mental/psychoneurotic disorders Yes
34 10/08 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish Population [no effect on APGAR scores]
57 6/15/10 Yes Boston Univ. General U.S. Population (12-15 Year-Olds) Increased self-report of ADHD Yes
63 11/9/10 Yes Univ. Cal. General Danish Population (Children) [no effect on behavioral/motor coordination at age 7]
64 10/1/11 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (5-18 Year-Olds) Increased self-reported ADHD with medication in children at lower exposure levels with decreased level at highest exposure level
108 7/30/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) [No Probable Link found with neurodevelopmental disorders]
122 10/26/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with Parkinson’s Disease]
123 10/24/12 Yes Harvard Univ. General U.S. Population (60-85-year olds) Decreased self-reported cognitive limitation Yes
131 7/13 Yes C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) [No adverse neurological associations found in children tested]
156 12/16/14 Yes Univ. Cincinnati General U.S. Population Increased hypotonic categorization in infants
157 12/19/14 Yes Univ. California (L.A.) General Danish Population [No increased risk of ADHD or autism]
166 10/13/15 Yes General Population (Infants at 6 and 18 months) Decreased neurodevelopment scores in females at 6 months
170 1/28/16 Yes Univ. Cincinnati General Cincinnati, Ohio Population (Mother-Child Pairs) [No association with executive function deficits in school-age children]
XIV. PANCREATIC EFFECTS
15 2000 Yes 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Decreased CCK No
19 8/04 Yes 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for:

•- acute pancreatitis

•- pancreatitis

43 4/7/09 Yes Danish Cancer Society General Danish Population Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in highest exposure group No
XV. OSTEOARTHRITIS EFFECTS
68 6/27/11 Yes WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased osteoarthritis Yes
121 10/26/12 No C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with osteoarthritis]
128 2/8/13 Yes Yale General US Population (20-84 year olds) Increased osteoarthritis in women Yes
153 2/15 Yes UK Researchers General UK Population Reduced parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) gene in women
164 6/9/15 Yes Ohio Researchers General U.S. Population Increased osteoporosis in women