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PFOA HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS DATA – CHRONOLOGICAL

 

TAB DATE PUBLISHED? SPONSOR POPULATION ASSOCIATION STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT?
1 12/22/78 No [DuPont Internal Report – “Chambers Works Fluorosulfactant Study”] DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Abnormal liver function
2 3/15/79 No [DuPont Internal Report – “Chambers Works Fluorosulfactant Study”] DuPont DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers Increased incidence of allergic/endocrine/metabolic disorders

Increased mental and psychoneurotic disorders

Increased skin & cellular tissue disorders

Abnormal liver function

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

2A 2/80 No [Schuman, L. M. & Mandel, J. S., “An Epidemiologic Mortality Study of Employees at the Chemolite Plant” (Internal 3M report)] 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased cancer of following types among males employed more than 6 months in Chemical Division:

– Esophogus

– Larynx

– Skin

– Prostate

– Testis

No
3 8/80 Yes – [Ubel, F.A., et al., “Health status of plant workers exposed to flurochemicals – a preliminary report,” 41 Amer. Indus. Hygiene Assoc. J. 384-89 (1980)] 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased SGOT

[no increased mortality incidence]

4 1/28/81 No [DuPont Internal Report – “Liver Function Study of Washington Works Employees Exposed to C-8”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased SGOT

Increased AP

Yes

Yes

5 3/30/81 No [DuPont Internal Report – “Study of Myocardial Infarction Incidence and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Rates at Washington Works”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased MI incidence among foremen Yes
6 9/81 No [DuPont Internal Reports Relating to: “Study of Pregnancy Outcome in Washington Works Employees”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased birth defect incidence Yes
7 5/28/82 No [3M Internal Report – “Fluorochemical Control Study”] 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers [no elevated liver enzymes]
8 1/28/83 No [DuPont Internal Report – “Update of 1/28/81 Liver Function Study of Washington Works Employees Exposed to C-8”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers [no elevated liver enzymes/blood pressure]
9 12/84 No [DuPont Internal Reports Relating to: “Allegation of Significant Adverse Reaction – Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Section 8(c)”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers – Males CLAIMS of infertility among male workers – not pursued
10 10/92 No [Ph.D. Thesis: Gilliland, F., “Fluorocarbons and Human Health: Studies in an Occupational Cohort”] Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased estrodiol

Decreased free testosterone

Increased TSH

Increased prolactin (in moderate drinkers)

Increased hemoglobin

Increased mean cellular volume

Increased leukocyte counts

Increased prostate cancer deaths in long exposure group

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

11 9/93 Yes [Gilliland, F.D. & Mandel, J.S., “Mortality Among Employees of a Perfluorooctanoic Acid Production Plant,” 35 J.O.E.M. (9) 950-54 (Sept. 1993)] Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased prostate cancer deaths in high exposure group Yes
12 1996 Yes [Gilliland, F.D. & Mandel, J.S., “Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Hepatic Enzymes, Lipoproteins, and Cholesterol: A Study of Occupationally Exposed Men,” 29 Amer. J. Indus. Med. 560-68 (1996)] Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Altered SGOT, SGPT, GGT, HDL dependant on alcohol & obesity levels Yes
13 8/5/96 No [DuPont Internal Report – “C-8 Study”] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased SGOT

Increased AP

Increased LDH

Increased kidney disease incidence

No

No

No

No

14 7/98 Yes [Olsen, G.W., et al., “An Epidemiologic Investigation of Reproductive Hormones in Men With Occupational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid,” 40 J.O.E.M. (7) 614-22 (July 1998)] 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased estradiol in high exposure group

Increased 17-HP

No

No

15 2000 Yes [Olsen, G.W., et al., “Plasma Cholecystokinin and Hepatic Enzymes, Cholesterol and Lipoproteins in Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Production Workers,” 23 Drug & Chem. Toxicol. (4) 603-20 (2000)] 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Decreased CCK

[No elevated liver enzymes]

Yes
16 4/26/01 No [Univ. Minn. Internal Report – “Mortality Study of Workers Employed at the 3M Cottage Grove Facility”] Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased death from cerebrovascular disease

[no cancer death excess using redefined exposure categories]

Yes
17 3/03 Yes [Olsen, G.W., et al., “Epidemiologic Assessment of Worker Serum Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) Concentrations and Medical Surveillance Examinations,” 45 J.O.E.M. (3) 260-70 (March 2003)] 3M 3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased triglycerides

Increased GGT

Increased AP

Increased ALT

Increased T3

Increased cholesterol

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

18 2003 Yes [Alexander, B.H., et al., “Mortality of employees of a perfluorooctanesulphonyl fluoride manufacturing facility,” 60 J. Occup. Environ. Med. 722-29 (2003)] Univ. Minn. 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased bladder cancer death

Increased liver cancer deaths

Yes

No

19 8/04 Yes [Olsen, G.W., et al., “Analysis of Episodes of Care in a Perfluorooctanesulfonyl Fluoride Production Facility,” 46 J. Occup. Environ. Med. (8) (Aug. 2004)] 3M 3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers Increased episodes of care for:

•- Malignant colon neoplasm

•- Malignant rectum neoplasm

•- Malignant neoplasm of lower respiratory tract

•- Malignant skin melanoma

•- Malignant prostate neoplasm

•- Cholelithiasis

•- Acute pancreatitis

•- Preterm labor

•- Benign colonic polyps

•- Diabetes

•- Liver disorders

•- Biliary tract disorders

•- Urinary tract disorders/cystitis

•- Infertility

•- Disorders of lipid metabolism

•- Hypertension

•- Coronary disease/cardiac arrest

•- Pancreatitis

20 9/7/04 No [MIC Letter to USEPA Regarding Mitini Meeting Data] Mitini (Italy) Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased non-HDL cholesterol

Yes

Yes

90 10/04 No [Dahlgren, J., et al., “Prevalence and Incidence of Cancer in Populations Exposed to Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA),” Arch. Environ. Health [accepted for publication 10/04 but never published] UCLA WV/OH C8 Community

DuPont WV C8 Workers

Increased self-reported prevalence for:

•- Uterine/cervical cancer

•- Multiple myeloma

•- Lung cancer

•- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

•- Bladder Cancer

•- Colon/rectal cancer

Increased bladder cancer

Increased prostate cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

21 11/04-

2/05

No [Dahlgren, J., et al, Meeting Slides/Abstracts] UCLA WW/OH C8 Community

DuPont WW C8 workers

Increased self-reported cervical/uterine cancer

Increased self-reported prostate cancer

Increased self-reported breast cancer

Decreased age to menopause

Increased prostate cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

22 1/11/05 No [DuPont Press Releases/Slides Regarding First-Phase Worker Health Study Results Examining PFOA Exposure] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased triglycerides

Increased uric acid

Increased iron

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

23 3/1/06 No [WV Dept. Health Report: “Examination of Community Concerns about Water Contamination with Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Related Chemicals Using Population-based Cancer Registry Data”] WV Dept. Health Wood/Mason Cty WV General Population Increased prostate cancer incidence

Increased leukemia incidence

Increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence

Increased cutaneous melanoma

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

24 8/06 Yes [Emmett, E.A., et al., “Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Levels and Certain Health Parameters,” 48 J.O.E.M. (8) 771-779 (Aug. 2006)] Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers Increased monocyte count

Increased cholesterol

[no other liver/lipid/thyroid associations found]

Yes

No

25 11/06 Yes [LeMasters, G.K., et al., “Cancer Risk Among Firefighters: A Review amd Meta-analysis of 32 Studies,” 48 J.O.E.M. (11) 1189-1202 (Nov. 2006)] Univ. Cincinnati Firefighters [PFOA not directly measured] Increased risk of multiple myeloma

Increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Increased risk of prostate cancer

Increased risk of testicular cancer

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

26 4/2/07 No [DuPont Letters to USEPA Supplementing Phase I Worker Study Results] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased LDH

Increased calcium

Increased potassium

Increased estradiol

Increased testosterone

Decreased total bilirubin

Increased serum aspartate aminotransferase

27 6/07 Yes [Olsen, G.W. & Zobel, L.R., “Assessment of lipid, hepatic, and thyroid parameters with serum perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations in fluorochemical workers,” Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health (doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0213-0) (on-line 6/07)] 3M 3M Alabama/Belgium/

Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers

Decreased HDL

Increased triglycerides

Decreased free T4

Increased T3

Decreased bilirubin

Increased Alkaline phosphatase

Increased ALT/GGT

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

28 7/31/07 Yes [Apelberg, B.J., et al., “Cord Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Relation to Weight and Size at Birth,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.10334) (on-line July 31, 2007)] Johns Hopkins General US Population Decreased birth weight

Decreased ponderal index

Decreased head circumference

Yes

Yes

Yes

29 8/16/07 Yes [Fei, C., et al., “Perfluorinated Chemicals and Fetal Growth: A Study within the Danish National Birth Cohort,” Eniron. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.10506 (on-line Aug. 16, 2007)] Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Decreased birth weight Yes
30 8/07 Yes [Sakr, C.J., et al., “Longitudinal Study of Serum Lipids and Liver Enzymes in Workers With Occupational Exposure to Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate,” 49 J.O.E.M. (8) 872-79 (Aug. 2007)] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Decreased total bilirubin

Increased AST

Yes

Yes

Yes

31 8/07 Yes [Leonard, R.C., et al., “Retrospective Cohort Mortality Study of Workers in a Polymer Production Plant Including a Reference Population of Regional Workers,” J. Ann. Epidem. (doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.06.011) (on-line Aug. 2007)] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased IHD mortality

Increased diabetes mortality

Increased death from kidney cancer

No

Yes

No

32 10/07 Yes [Sakr, C.J., et al., “Cross-Sectional Study of Lipids and Liver Enzymes Related to a Serum Biomarker of Exposure (ammonium perfluorooctanoate or APFO) as Part of a General Health Survey in a Cohort of Occupationally Exposed Workers,” 49 J.O.E.M. (10) 1086-96 (Oct. 2007)] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased VLDL

Increased GGT

Increased AST

Increased ALT

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

33 2008 No [WVU Slides From On-Line Presentation] WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased CRP

Decreased IG

Increased ALT

Increased AST/SGOT

Increased total cholesterol-children

Increased free TH

34 10/08 Yes [Fei, C., et al., “Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroctanoate (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Maternally Reported Developmental Milestones in Infancy,” 116 Environ. Health Persp. (10) 1391-95 (Oct. 2008)] Univ. Cal. General Danish Population [no effects on APGAR scores]
35 11/4/08 Yes [Washino, N., et al., “Correlations Between Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Reduced Fetal Growth,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.11681) (on-line Nov. 4, 2008)] Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) General Sapporo Japan Population [no effects on birth weight]
36 12/29/08 Yes [Lin, C-Y, et al., “Association Among Serum Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents and Adults,” Diabetes Care (on-line Dec. 28, 2008)] Taiwan Hospital General US Population Increased B cell function

(associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome)

Yes
37 2008 Yes [Anderson-Mahoney, P., et al., “Self-Reported Health Effects Among Community Residents Exposed to Perfluorooctanoate,” 18 New Solutions (2) 129-43 (2008)] Plaintiffs WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased self reports of angina

Increased self reports of MI

Increased self reports of stroke

Increased self reports of respiratory effects

38 1/28/09 Yes [Fei., C., et al., “Maternal levels of perfluorinated chemicals and subfecundity,” 1 Human Repro. (1) 1-6 (2009)] Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Increased time to pregnancy Yes
39 2/09 Yes [Bloom, M.S., et al., “Exploratory assessment of perfluorinated compounds and human thyroid function,” Physiol. Behav. (doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.005) (on-line Feb. 2009)] SUNY General New York Population – Fishermen [no effects on thyroid function]
40 3/09 Yes [Costa, G., et al., “Thirty Years of Medical Surveillance in Perfluorooctanoic Acid Production Workers,” 51 J.O.E.M. (3) 1-9 (March 2009)] Mitini Mitini Italian PFOA Workers Increased total cholesterol

Increased uric acid

Decreased bilirubin

Increased ALT

Increased GGT

Increased ALP

Increased globulins

Increased IgA

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

41 3/2/09 Yes [Nordstrom, U., et al., “Do Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Impair Human Semen Quality?” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.0800517) (on-line March 2, 2009)] Univ. Denmark General Danish Population Decreased normal sperm Yes
42 3/16/09 No [C-8 Science Panel Status Report: “PFOA and immune biomarkers in adults exposed to PFOA in drinking water in the mid Ohio Valley”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased lgA

Decreased IgE (females)

Increased ANA

Decreased CRP

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

43 4/7/09 Yes [Eriksen, K.T., et al., “Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctanesulfonate Plasma Levels and Risk of Cancer in the General Danish Population,” 101 J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 605-609 (2009)] Danish Cancer Society General Danish Population Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in highest exposure group No
44 6/23/09 Yes [Sakr, C.J., et al., “Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Study among Workers with Occupational Exposure to Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate,” Occup. Environ. Med. (doi:10.1136/oem.2008.041582) (on-line June 24, 2009)] DuPont DuPont WV PFOA Workers Increased IHD deaths at longest exposure categories No
45 8/19/09 Yes [Stein, C.R., et al., “Serum Levels of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Pregnancy Outcome,” Amer. J. Epidem. (doi:10.1093/aje/kwp212) (on-line Aug. 12, 2009)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased preeclampsia

Increased birth defects

Yes

Yes

46 9/09 Yes [MacNeil, J., et al., “A cross-sectional analysis of type II diabetes in a community with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),” Environ. Research (doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.002) (on-line Sept. 2009)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [no association with Type II diabetes]
47 10/21/09 Yes [Steenland, K., et al., “Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate With Serum Lipids Among Adults Living Near a Chemical Plant,” Amer. J. Epidem. (doi:10.1093/aje/kwp279) (on-line Oct. 21, 2009)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Adults) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased non-HDL

Increased triglycerides

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

48 10/22/09 Yes [Steenland, K., et al., “Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) with Uric Acid Among Adults with Elevated Community Exposure to PFOA,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.0900940) (on-line Oct. 22, 2009)] C-8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Adults) Increased uric acid Yes
49 10/28/09 Yes [Hamm, M.P., et al., “Maternal exposure to perfluorinated acids and fetal growth,” J. Exposure Sci. & Environ. Epidem. 1-9 (2009)] Univ. Alberta General Alberta Canada Population [no effect on birth weight]
50 11/09 Yes [Pinney, S.M., et al., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Pubertal Maturation in Young Girls,” 20 J. Epidem. (6) S80 (Nov. 2009)] [ABSTRACT ONLY] Univ. Cincinnati General OH/KY Population Increased pubescent maturation in breasts of young girls
51 11/09 Yes [Lundin, J.I., et al., “Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Production and Occupational Mortality,” 20 J. Epidem. (6) 921-28 (Nov. 2009)] 3M/Univ. Minn. 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased prostate cancer death

Increased cerebrovascular disease death

Increased diabetes death

Yes

Yes

Yes

52 11/2/09 Yes [Nelson, J.W., et al., “Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Cholesterol, Body Weight, and Insulin Resistance in the General U.S. Population,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.0901165) (online Nov. 2, 2009)] Boston Univ. General U.S. Population Increased total cholesterol

Increased non-HDL cholesterol

Yes

Yes

53 12/15/09 Yes [Lin, C-Y, et al., “Investigation of the Associations Between Low-Dose Serum Perfluorinated Chemicals and Liver Enzymes in US Adults,” Amer. J. Gastroenterology (doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.707) (online Dec. 15, 2009)] Taiwan Hospital General U.S. Population Increased ALT

Increased GGT

Yes

No

54 2009 Yes [Nolan, L.A., et al., “The relationship between birth weight, gestational age and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-contaminated public drinking water,” 27 Repro. Toxicol. 231-38 (2009)] Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers [no effects on birth weight]
55 1/20/10 Yes [Melzer, D., et al., “Association Between Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Thyroid Disease in the NHANES Study,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.0901584) (on-line Jan. 20, 2010)] Peninsula Medical School General U.S. Population Increased reported thyroid disease in women

Increased reported thyroid disease in men

Yes

No

56 2010 Yes [Nolan, L.A., et al., “Congenital Anomolies, Labor/Delivery Complications, Maternal Risk Factors and Their Relationship with Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)-Contaminated Public Drinking Water,” (published 2010)] Univ. Penn. Little Hocking OH Water Customers Increased anemia

Increased dysfunctional labor

Yes

Yes

57 6/15/10 Yes [Hoffman, K., et al., “Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in U.S. Children Aged 12-15 Years,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.1001898) (on-line June 15, 2010)] Boston Univ. General U.S. Population (12-15 Year-Olds) Increased self report of ADHD Yes
58 8/26/10 Yes [Fei, C., et al., “Prenatal exposure to PFOA and PFOS and risk of hospitalization for infectious diseases in early childhood,” 110 Environ. Research 773-77 (2010)] Univ. Cal. General Danish Population Slightly increased risk of hospitalization for girls with highest prenatal PFOA exposure No
59 9/7/10 Yes [Frisbee, S.J., et al., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Perfluorooctanesulfonate, and Serum Lipids in Children and Adolescents,” 164 Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. (9) 860-69 (Sept. 2010)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased HDL

Yes

Yes

No

60 9/13/10 Yes [Christensen, K.Y., et al., “Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals during pregnancy is not associated with offspring age at menarche in a contemporary British cohort,” 37 Environ. Int’l 129-35 (2011)] Emory Univ. General U.K. Population Decreased time to menarche/puberty in girls No
61 9/30/10 (Status Report) -published on-line 5/2/11, published final 10/1/11 Yes [Lopez-Espinosa, M-J, et al., “Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) with Age of Puberty among Children Living near a Chemical Plant,” Environ. Sci. & Technol. (doi:10.1021/es1038694) (on-line May 2, 2011) – FINAL 10/1/11 C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) Increased time to reach puberty in girls Yes
62 10/12/10 Yes [Anderson, C.S., et al., “Prenatal Exposures to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Anthropometric Measures in Infancy,” 172 Amer. J. Epidem. (11) 1230-37 (Oct. 2010)] Danish Government General Danish Population Decreased baby weight in first year

Decreased baby body mass in first year

Yes

Yes

63 11/9/10 Yes [Fei, C. & Olsen, J., “Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Behavioral or Coordination Problems at Age 7,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.1002026) (on-line Nov. 9, 2010)] Univ. Cal. General Danish Population (Children) [no effect on behavioral/motor coordination at age 7]
64 6/10/11 online, final 10/1/11 Yes [Stein, C.R. & Savitz, D.A., “Serum Perfluorinated Compound Concentration and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Aged 5 to 18 Years,” Environ. Health Persp. (doi:10.1289/ehp.1003538) (on-line June 10, 2011)] – FINAL published 10/1/11 C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (15-18 Year-Olds) Increased self-reported ADHD with medication at lower exposure levels with decrease at highest exposure level
65 2/8/11 Yes [Chan, E., et al., “Perfluorinated acids and hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women,” J. Eviron. Research (doi:10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.011) (on-line Feb. 2011)] Univ. Alberta General Alberta Canada Population [no effect on hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women]
66 3/16/11 Yes [Knox, S.S., et al., “Implications of Early Menopause in Women Exposed to Perfluorocarbons,” 96 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (6) (doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2401) (online March 16, 2011)] WVU WW/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased time to menopause Yes
67 4/19/11 Yes [Wang, I-Jen, et al., “The effect of prenatal perfluorinated chemicals exposures on pediatric atopy,” Environ. Res. (doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.04.006) (online May 2011) Taiwan Hospital General Taiwan Population (Children) Increased cord blood IgE levels Yes
68 6/27/11 Yes [Innes, K.E., et al., “Association of Osteoarthritis With Serum Levels of Environmental Contaminants Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in a Large Appalachian Population,” Am. J. Epidem. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr107) (online June 27, 2011) WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased osteoarthritis Yes
69 7/11 Yes [Raymer, J.H., et al., “Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and their associations with human semen quality measurements,” Repro. Toxicol. (doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.05.024) (online 7/11) 3M General NC Population [No significant effects on sperm quality]
70 7/15/11 Status Report [Published 10/18/12] Yes [Steenland, K. & Woskie, S., “Cohort Mortality Study of Workers Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid,” Am. J. Epidem. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kws171) (on-line 10/18/12)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased death from kidney cancer

Increased death from chronic kidney disease

Increased death from mesothelioma

Yes

Yes

Yes

72 7/15/11 [Status Report] 5/12 [publication] Yes [Savitz, D. A., et al., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure and Pregnancy Outcome in a Highly Exposed Community,” 23 (3) Epidem. 1-7 (May 2012)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased preeclampsia

Slight increase in congenital heart defects

[No other birth outcome associations]

Yes
73 8/1/11 Yes [Knox, S.S., et al., “Perfluorocarbon exposure, gender and thyroid function in the C8 Health Project,” 36 (4) J. Toxicol. Sci. 403-410 (Aug. 2011)] WVU WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased serum thyroxine

Decreased T3

Yes

Yes

74 8/2/11 Yes [Kim, S., et al., “Trans-Placental Transfer of Thirteen Perfluorinated Compounds and Relations with Fetal Thyroid Hormones,” Environ. Health Persp. (“just accepted manuscript”) (Aug. 2, 2011) Korean Univ. General S. Korean Population Reduced thyroid hormone levels

[No association with birth weight]

No
75 8/11/01 [Status Report] 3/27/12 [Publication] Yes [Lopez-Espinosa, M-J., et al., “Thyroid Function and Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Children Living Near a Chemical Plant,” Environ. Health Perspec. (dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104370) (on-line March 27, 2012)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population – Children (Age 1-18) Increased thyroid disease
76 8/26/11 Yes [Shankar, A. & Ducatman, A., “Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults,” Am. J. Epidem. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr171) (Aug. 26, 2011)] WVU General US Population Increased chronic kidney disease Yes
77 9/23/11 [Status Report] 3/26/12 [Publication] Yes [Savitz, D., et al., “Relationship of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure to Pregnancy Outcome Based on Birth Records in the Mid-Ohio Valley,” Environ. Health Perspec. (dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104752) (on-line March 26, 2012)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Inconsistent decreased birth weight at highest exposure levels

Inconsistent reduced fetal growth

Large, imprecise associations with early preterm birth

[No association with stillbirth, pregnancy-induced hypertension]

78 9/11 Yes [Shankar, A., Xiao, J., & Ducatman, A., “Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and elevated serum uric acid in US adults,” 3 Clin. Epidem. 251-58 (Sept. 2011)] WVU General U.S. Population Increased uric acid Yes
79 10/6/11 Yes [Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C., et al., “Perfluorinated compounds are related to breast cancer risk in Greenland Inuit: A case control study,” 10:88 Environ. Health 2011 (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-88) (on-line 10/6/11) Aarhaus Univ. (Denmark) General Greenlandic Inuit Population Increased risk of breast cancer Yes (combined PFCs)
80 10/11 Yes [Okada, E., et al., “Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and relationship with allergies and infectious diseases in infants,” Environ. Research (doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.10.003) (on-line 10/11) Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) General Sapparo Japan Population (Infants) Decreased IgE (female infants)

[No association with food allergy, eczema, wheezing, or otitis media in first 18 months]

Yes
81 11/10/11 Yes [Whitworth, K.W., et al., “Perfluorinated Compounds and Subfecundity in Pregnant Women,” 23 (2) Epidem. 1-7 (March 2012) (doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823b5031) (online 11/10/11) NIEHS General Norwegian Population Increased subfecundity in parous but not nulliparous women Yes
82 11/17/11 Yes [Lin, C-L, et al., “Associations between Levels of Serum Perfluorinated Chemicals and Adiponectin in a Young Hypertension Cohort in Taiwan,” Environ. Sci. & Tech. (dx.doi.org/10.1021/es201964x) (online 11/17/11) Taiwan Hospital General Taiwanese Population (ages 12-30) No associations found with glucose homeostasis, adiponectin level, lipid profile, or inflammatory markers and PFOA blood levels below average US PFOA blood levels (only 2.39 ppb average PFOA serum level in test group)
83 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Probable Link found with pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia
84 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Miscarriage and Stillbirths”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with miscarriage or stillbirths]
85 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with preterm birth or low birthweight]
86 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Birth Defects”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with birth defects]
87 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Status Report: “PFOA and adult thyroid disease in the mid-Ohio valley”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population (age 20+) Increased thyroid disease occurrence in adults Yes (for women)
88 12/5/11 No [C-8 Science Panel Status Report: “Prospective study of reproductive health outcomes in the mid-Ohio valley”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Increased pregnancy-induced hypertension

[“Little evidence” of associations with miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birthweight]

No
89 12/5/11 [Status Report] 7/13 [Publication] Yes [Fitz-Simon, N., et al., “Reductions in Serum Lipids with a 4-year Decline in Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid,” 24 Epidem. (4) 1-8 (July 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Decreased LDL associated with decreased PFOA Yes
91 1/25/12 Yes [Grandjean, P., et al., “Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Children Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds,” 307 (4) J.A.M.A. 391-97 (Jan. 25, 2012)] Harvard Univ. General Faroe Islands Population (Children) Decreased humoral immune response to childhood immunizations Yes
71 1/30/12 [Status Report – 7/15/11] Yes [Gallo, V., et al., “Serum Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Concentrations and Liver Function Biomarkers in a Population with Elevated PFOA Exposure,” Environ. Health Perspec. (dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104436) (on-line Jan. 30, 2012)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased ALT

Altered bilirubin

Yes
92 2/3/12 Yes [Halldorsson, T.I., et al., “Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate and Risk of Overweight at 20 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study,” Environ. Health Perspec. (dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104034) (on-line Feb. 3, 2012)] Danish/Icelandic Researchers General Danish Population Increased overweight status in female children at age 20 Yes
95 2/12 No [Butenhoff, J.L., et al., “Perflurooctanoate, Perfluorooctanesulfonate, and Chronic Kidney Disease: Clearance Comes Before Causation,” SOT 2012 Poster Abstract (Feb. 2012)] 3M 3M Fluorochemical Workers Increased chronic kidney disease No
96 2/12 SOT Poster abstract [8/12 Published] Yes [Olsen, G.W., et al., “Longitudinal Assessment of Lipid and Hepatic Clinical Parameters in Workers Involved With the Demolition of Perfluoroalkyl Manufacturing Facilities,” 54 (8) J.O.E.M. 974-83 (Aug. 2012)] 3M 3M Fluorochemical Demolition Workers (at baseline exposures) Increased HDL

[No significant positive associations with non-HDL cholesterol and hepatic clinical chemistries]

Yes
97 2/12 No [Nygaard, U.C., et al., “Perfluorinated compounds and immune health outcomes in 3-year-old children,” SOT 2012 Poster Abstract (Feb. 2012)] Norwegian Inst. Pub. health General Norwegian Population – Children Decreased response to rubella vaccinations
93 3/12 Yes [Butenhoff, J.L., et al., “Distribution of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate into human plasma lipoprotein fractions,” Toxicol. Lett. (doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.013) (online 3/12) 3M General US Population Partitioning of PFOA to lipoprotein fraction of blood not support reverse causality for lipid associations
94 3/15/12 Yes [Specht, I.O., et al., “Sperm DNA integrity in relation to exposure to environmental perfluoroalkyl substances – A study of spouses of pregnant women in three geographical regions,” Reprod. Toxicol. (on-line March 15, 2012)] Danish Univ. General Greenland, Poland, Ukraine Population – Male Slight increase in SHBG and TUNEL-positivity

[No other associations with sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptosis or reproductive hormones]

No
98 4/13/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Diabetes”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with adult Type II diabetes]
99 4/15/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Cancer”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link found with testicular cancer

Probable Link found with kidney cancer

[No Probable Link found with other cancers]

Yes

Yes

100 5/10/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Status Report: “Infections, obesity and clinical markers in children in relation to PFOA serum level during pregnancy in mothers in the Mid-Ohio Valley”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No association between prenatal exposure and risk of childhood infections or asthma since birth]

[No association between prenatal exposure and increased risk of obesity or metabolic syndrome]

Increased LDL and decreased insulin associated with prenatal exposure

No
101 5/31/12 Yes [Min, J-Y., et al., “Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure is associated with elevated homocysteine and hypertension in US adults,” Occup. Environ. Med. (doi: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100288) (on-line May 31, 2012)] Korean Univ. General U.S. Population Increased homocysteine and systolic blood pressure/hypertension Yes
102 6/12 No [Bloom, M., et al., “Exposure to Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants is Associated With Thyroid Function Among Older Residents of Upper Hudson River Communities” (ISEE 2012 Abstract)] Univ. Albany General Upper Hudson River NY Population Increased T4
103 6/12 No [Christensen, K., et al., “Method to Assess Multiple Classes of Environmental Chemicals and Liver Disease: NHANES 2003-2006” (ISEE 2012 Abstract)] US EPA General U.S. Population Increased ALT by PFC class Yes
104 7/12 Yes [Wu, K., et al., “Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health outcomes,” 48 Environ. Int’l 1-8 (2012)] Shantou Univ. (China) General Chinese Population living near electronic waste recycling area Decreased gestational age

Decreased birth weight

Decreased birth length

Decreased Apgar scores

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

105 7/25/11 [Status Report] 3/11/13 [Publication] Yes [Watkins, D.J., et al., “Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Markers of Kidney Function Among Children and Adolescents Living Near a Chemical Plant,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205838) (On-line March 11, 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) Decreased eGFR (kidney function)
106 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Thyroid Disease”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link found with thyroid disease
107 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Autoimmune Disease”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link found with ulcerative colitis

No Probable Link found with:

-Rheumatoid arthritis

– Lupus

– Type 1 diabetes

– Crohn’s disease

– Multiple sclerosis

108 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) No Probable Link found with neurodevelopmental disorders in children
109 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for Non-infectious Disease (Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – COPD)”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population No Probable Link found with:

•- Asthma

•- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

110 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Stroke”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population No Probable Link found with stroke
111 7/30/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation of Infectious Disease”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population No Probable Link found with common infectious disease
112 8/3/12 Yes [Wang, J., et al., “Association of perfluorooctanoic acid with HDL cholesterol and circulating miR-26b and miR-199-3p in workers of a fluorochemical plant and nearby residents,” Env. Science & Techn. (doi: 10.1021/es3009606q) (on-line Aug. 3, 2012)] Chinese Researchers Chinese Fluorochemical Workers and Nearby Chinese Population Decreased HDL-C

Increased miR-26b

Increased miR-199a-3p

Yes
113 8/30/12 Yes [Maisonet, M., et al., “Maternal Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds during Pregnancy and Fetal and Postnatal Growth in British Girls,” Environ. Health Perspec. (dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003096) (on-line Aug. 30, 2012)] Emory Univ. General British Population Decreased birth weight
114 9/3/12 Yes [Shankar, A., Xiao, J., & Ducatman, A., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults,” Arch. Intern. Med. (doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3393) (on-line Sept. 3, 2012)] WVU General U.S. Population Increased cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Increased peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Yes

Yes

115 8/12 No [C-8 Science Panel, “Gene expression and epigenetic modification in lipid regulating genes in relation to PFOA and PFOS,” (ISEE August 2012 Presentation Slides)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Decreased NR1HR (Liver receptor B; LXRB) transcript levels (gene involved in lipid metabolism)
116 9/20/12 Yes [Lee, Y.J., et al., “Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl compounds in maternal and umbilical cord sera and birth outcomes in Korea,” Chemosphere (doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.035) (on-line Sept. 20, 2012)] Korean Researchers General Korean Population Decreased birth weight

Decreased birth length

Decreased ponderal index

117 11/12 Yes [Louis, G. M.B., et al., “Perfluorochemicals and Endometriosis: The ENDO Study,” 23 Epidem. (6) 1-7 (Nov. 2012)] Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Inst. Of Child Health and Human Health General U.S. Population (Salt Lake City and San Francisco areas) Increased endometriosis
118 10/26/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for heart disease (including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, coronary artery disease)”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Probable Link found with hypercholesterolemia

[No Probable Link found with hypertension]

[No Probable Link found with coronary artery disease]

119 10/29/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for Chronic Kidney Disease”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with chronic kidney disease]
120 10/29/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for Liver Diseases”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with liver disease]
121 10/29/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for Osteoarthritis”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with osteoarthritis]
122 10/29/12 No [C-8 Science Panel Probable Link Report: “Probable Link Evaluation for Parkinson’s Disease”] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population [No Probable Link found with Parkinson’s Disease]
123 10/24/12 Yes [Power, M.C., et al., “Cross-Sectional Association between Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Cognitive Limitation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,” 40 Neuroepidem. J. (2), 125-132 (2013)] Harvard Univ. General U.S. Population (aged 60-85 years old) Decreased self-reported cognitive limitation Yes
124 1/8/13 Yes [Dong, G-H, et al.,Serum Polyfluoroalkyl Concentrations, Asthma Outcomes, and Immunological Markers in a Case-Control Study of Taiwanese Children,” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205351) (on-line Jan. 8, 2013)] China Med. Univ. General Northern Taiwan Population (10-15 year olds) Increased asthma Yes
125 1/8/13 Yes [Vieira, V. M., et al.,Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure and Cancer Outcomes in a Contaminated Community: A Geographic Analysis,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205829) (on-line Jan. 8, 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased testicular cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Increased Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Increased Prostate cancer

Increased ovarian cancer

126 1/25/13 Yes [Granum, B., et al., “Pre-natal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may be associated with altered vaccine antibody levels and immune-related health outcomes in early childhood,” J. Immunotoxicol., Early Online (doi: 10.3109/1547691X.2012.755580) (on-line Jan. 25, 2013)] Norwegian Inst Pub. Health. General Norwegian Population Decreased antibody levels to rubella vaccine

Increased incidence of common colds in children under 3

Increased incidence of gastroenteritis in children under 3

127 1/28/13 Yes [Vested, A., et al., “Associations of in Utero Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids with Human Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormones in Adult Men,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205118) (on-line Jan. 28, 2013)] Danish Univ. General Danish Population (males aged 19-21) Decreased adjusted sperm concentration

Decreased total sperm count

Increased luteinizing hormone (LH)

Increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

128 2/8/13 Yes [Uhl, S.A., et al.,Association of Osteoarthritis with Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in NHANES 2003-2008,” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205673) (on-line Feb. 8, 2013)] Yale Sch. Forestry & Environ. Stud. General US Population (Age 2-84 years old) Increased osteoarthritis in women Yes
129 2/18/13 Yes [Erikson, K.T., et al., “Association between Plasma PFOA and PFOS Levels and Total Cholesterol in a Middle-Aged Danish Population,” PLoS ONE 8(2) (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone,0056969) (on-line Feb. 18, 2013)] Danish Cancer Soc. General Danish Population (50-65 years old) Increased total cholesterol Yes
130 4/3/13 Yes [Geiger, S.D., et al., “Positive Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Hyperuricemia in Children,” Am. J. Epidem. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kws392) (on-line April 3, 2013)] Univ. Wisconsin General U.S. Population (Children) Increased hyperuricemia Yes
131 7/13 Yes [Stein, C.R., et al., “Perfluorooctanoate and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children,” 24 Epidem. (4) 1-10 (July 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) [No adverse neurological associations in children tested]
132 6/4/13 Yes [Steenland, K., et al., “Ulcerative Colitis and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in a Highly Exposed Population of Community Residents and Workers in the Mid-Ohio Valley,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206449) (on-line June 4, 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population and DuPont WV PFOA Employees Increased ulcerative colitis Yes
133 7/9/13 Yes [Darow, L. A., Stein, C.R., & Steenland, K., “Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Concentrations in Relation to Birth Outcomes in the Mid-Ohio Valley, 2005-2010,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206372) (on-line July 9, 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased pregnancy-induced hypertension

[No increased preterm birth, low birth weight]

134 7/17/13 Yes [Wen, L-L, et al., “Association Between Serum Perfluorinated Chemicals and Thyroid Function in U.S. Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010,” J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1282) (on-line July 17, 2013)] Taiwanese Univ. General U.S. Population Increased T3 in women

Increased subclinical hypothyroidism in women

Yes
135 7/4/13 Yes [Consonni, D., et al., “Cancer Risk Among Tetrafluoroethylene Synthesis and Polymerization Workers,” Am. J. Epidem. (doi: 10.1093/aje/kws588) (on-line July 4, 2013)] Italian Researchers U.S./European Fluorochemical Workers (Including DuPont WV PFOA Workers) Increased liver cancer

Increased kidney cancer

Increased leukemia

136 9/5/13 [FINAL – 12/13] Yes [Barry, V., Winquist, A., & Steenland, K., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposures and Incident Cancers Among Adults Living Near a Chemical Plant,” 121 Environ. Health Perspec . 1313-1318 (Dec. 2013) ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306615) (on-line Sept. 5, 2013)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population/DuPont PFOA WV Workers Increased kidney cancer

Increased testicular cancer

Yes

Yes

137 10/14/13 Yes [Simpson, C, et al., “Relation between perfluorooctanic acid exposure and strokes in a large cohort living near a chemical plant,” J. Environ. Research ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.10.002) (on-line 10/13)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH C8 Settlement Population Increased stroke incidence, except for highest exposure levels Yes
138 10/15/13 Yes [Kristensen, S.L., et al., Long-term effects of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances on female reproduction,” Human Reprod. (doi: 10.1093/humrep/det382) (on-line 10/15/13)] Danish Researchers General Danish Population (Pregnant Women) Increased delay to menarche among daughters born to exposed mothers
139 10/25/13 Yes [Lyngso, J., et al., “Menstrual cycle characteristics in fertile women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine exposed to perfluorinated chemicals: a cross-sectional study,” Human Reprod. (doi:10.1093/humrep/det390) (on-line 10/25/13)] Danish Researchers General Greenland/Poland/Ukraine Population (Pregnant Women) Increased length of menstrual cycles
140 11/13 Yes [Geiger, S.D., et al., “The association between PFOA, PFOS and serum lipid levels,” Chemosphere (on-line 11/13) WVU and Other Researchers General U.S. Population (12-18 year olds) Increased total cholesterol and LDL-C Yes
141 11/26/13 Yes [Taylor, K.W., et al.,Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Menopause among Women 20-65 Years of Age (NHANES),” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306707) (on-line 11/26/13)] NIEHS General U.S. Population (Women ages 20-65) Decreased time to menopause Yes
142 11/13 Yes [Karnes, C., Winquist, A., & Steenland, K, “Incidence of type II diabetes in a cohort with substantial exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid,” Environ. Research ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.11.003) (on-line 11/13)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population [No association with increased type II diabetes]
143 11/13 Yes [Lind, L., et al., “Circulating levels of perfluoroalkyl substances and prevalent diabetes in the elderly,” Diabetologia (doi: 10.1007/a00125-013-3126-3) (on-line 11/13) Swedish Researchers General Swedish Population Age 70 Increased diabetes prevalence No
144 3/14 Yes [Winquist, A. & Steenland, K., “Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure and Thyroid Disease in Community and Worker Cohorts,” 25 (2) Epidemiology 255-64 (March 2014)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population//DuPont PFOA WV Workers Increased thyroid disease Yes
145 1/27/14 Yes [Innes, K., et al., “Inverse association of colorectal cancer prevalence to serum levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in a large Appalachian population,” BMC Cancer (doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-45) (on-line 1/27/14)] WVU WV/OH Settlement Population Decreased colorectal cancer Yes
146 2/14 Yes [Taylor, K.W., et al., “Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Menopause among Women 20-65 Years of Age (NHANES),” 122 (2) Environ. Health Perspec. 145-50 (Feb. 2014)] NIEHS General U.S. Population Decreased time to menopause
147 5/14 Yes [Darrow, L.A., et al., “PFOA and PFOS Serum Levels and Miscarriage Risk,” 25 Epidem. _ (2014) (on-line ay 2014)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Increased miscarriage risk at highest exposure levels No
148 5/14/14 Yes [Raleigh, K.K., et al., “Mortality and cancer incidence in ammonium perfluorooctanoate production workers,” Occup. Environ. Med. (doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102109) (on-line May 14, 2014)] 3M 3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers Increased bladder cancer

Increased pancreatic cancer

149 5/14 Yes [Fu, Y., et al., “Associations between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and serum lipid levels in a Chinese population,” 106 Ecotoxicology & Environ. Safety 246-52 (2014)] Chinese Researchers General Chinese Population Increased total cholesterol (TC)

Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)

150 6/6/14 Yes [Humblet, O., et al., “Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Asthma among Children 12-19 Years of Age: NHANES (1999-2008),” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306606) (on-line June 6, 2014)] Univ. Cal. Researchers General U.S. Population (Children 12-19) Increased asthma
151 8/15/14 Yes [Louis, G.M.B, et al., “Perfluorochemicals and Human Semen Quality: The LIFE Study,” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307621) (on-line Aug. 15, 2014)] Shriver Nat. Inst. Of Child Health & Human Devel. General U.S. Population Decreased sperm with coiled tails
152 9/26/14 Yes [Winquist, A. & Steenland, K., “Modeled PFOA Exposure and Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, and High Cholesterol in Community and Worker Cohorts,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307943) (on-line Sept. 26, 2014)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population/DuPont PFOA WV Workers Increased cholesterol Yes
153 10/17/14 Yes [Galloway, T.S., et al., “PFOA and PFOS are associated with reduced expression of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) gene in women,” 120 Chemosphere 555-52 (2/15) (on-line 10/17/14)] UK Researchers General UK Population Reduced parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) gene in women
154 12/4/14 Yes [Shrestha, S., et al., “Perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in older adults,” 75C Environ Int. 206-214 (Dec. 4, 2014)] S.U.N.Y Albany General New York State Population Increased fT4 and T4 with age
155 12/10/14 Yes [de Cock, M., et al., “Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to thyroid hormone levels in infants – a Dutch prospective cohort study,” 13(1) Environ. Health 106 (Dec. 10, 2014)] Dutch Researchers General Danish Population Increased T4 in girls at high exposure
156 12/16/14 Yes [Donauer, S., et al., “Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Infant Neurobehavior,” J. Pediatr. (doi:10.1016/j.peds.2014.11.021) (on-line Dec. 16, 2014)] Univ. Cincinnati General U.S. Population Increased hypotonic categorization in infants
157 12/19/14 Yes [Liew, Z., et al., “Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested case-Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort,” Environ. Health Perspec. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408412) (on-line Dec. 19, 2014)] Univ. California (L.A.) General Danish Population [no increased risk of ADHD or autism]
158 1/19/15 Yes [Steenland, K., Zhao, L., & Winquist, A., “A cohort incidence study of workers exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),” Occup. Environ. Med. (doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102364) (on-line Jan. 19, 2015)] C8 Science Panel DuPont PFOA WV Workers Increased ulcerative colitis

Increased rheumatoid arthritis

Increased prostate cancer

Increased thyroid disease (males)

Increased non-hepatitis liver diease

Increased type 2 diabetes

159 1/29/15 Yes [Zeng, X.W., et al., “Association of polyfluoroalkyl chemical exposure with serum lipids in children,” 512-513C Sci. Total Environ. 364-70 (Jan. 29, 20150] Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwanese Population (Children Aged 12-15) Increased total cholesterol

Increased LDL

Increased triglycerides

Decreased HDL

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

160 3/26/15 Yes [Tsai, M.S., et al., “Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults,” Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health (doi: 10.1016/ijheh.2015.03.008) (on-line March 26, 2015)] Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwanese Population (Aged 12-30) Decreased SHBG Yes
161 4/7/15 Yes [Jensen, T.K, et al., “Association between Perfluorinated Compound Exposure and Miscarriage in Danish pregnant Women,” PLoS ONE (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123496) (on-line April 7, 2015)] Danish Researchers General Danish Population (Pregnant Women) [No association between PFOA and miscarriage]
162 5/23/15 Yes [Maisonet, M., et al., “Prenatal exposures to perfluoroalkyl acids and serum lipids at ages 7 and 15 in females,” 82 Environ. Int’l 49-60 (May 23, 2015)] East Tennessee State Univ./U.K Researchers General U.K. Population (Females) Prenatal Exposure may effect later life lipid levels in females
163 6/2/15 Yes [Maisonet, M., et al., “Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Serum Testosterone Concentrations at 15 years of Age in female ALSPAC Study Participants,” Environ. Health Persp. () (on-line June 2, 2015)] East Tenn. State/Other Researchers General U.K. Population (Children 15 Years) Increased testosterone levels following prenatal exposures
164 6/9/15 Yes [Khalil, N., et al., “Association of Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Bone Mineral Density, and Osteoporosis in the U.S. Population in NHANES 2009-2010,” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.dooi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307909) (on-line June 9, 2015)] Ohio Researchers General U.S. Population Increased osteoporosis in women
165 6/26/15 Yes [Lenters, V., et al., “Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression,” Environ. Health Persp. (on-line June 26, 2015)] General Greenland, Poland, and Ukraine Populations (Infants) Decreased birth weight
166 10/13/15 Yes [Goudarzi, H., et al., “Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and neurodevelopment in early infancy: The Hokkaido Study,” 541 Sci. Total Environ. 1002-1010 (Oct. 13, 2015)] General Population (Infants at 6 and 18 months) Decreased neurodevelopment in female infants at 6 months
167 10/30/15 Yes [Webster, G. M., et al., “Cross-Sectional Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Thyroid Hormones in U.S. Adults: Variation According to TPOAb and Iodine Status (NHANES 2007-2008),” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409589) (on-line Oct. 30, 2015)] Canadian Researchers General U.S. Population Thyroid disruption in sensitive subpopulation of adults with high TPOAb and low iodine status
168 11/11/15 Yes [Braun, J. M., et al., “Prenatal Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and Child Adiposity at 8 years of Age: The HOME Study,” Obesity J. (doi:10.1002/oby.21258) (on-line Nov. 11, 2015)] Brown Univ. General U.S. Population (Children in Ohio and Kentucky) Increased adiposity at age 8 and more rapid increase in BMI between ages 2-8
169 1/20/16 Yes [Dhingra, R., et al., “Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and natural menopause: A longitudinal study in a community cohort,” 146 Environ. Res. 323-330 (Jan. 20, 2016)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population [No association with earlier age at menopause]
170 1/28/16 Yes [Vuong, A.M., et al., “Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether and perfluoroalkyl substance exposures and executive function in school-age children,” Environ. Res. (doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.008) (on-line Jan. 28, 2016)] Univ. of Cincinnati General Cincinnati, Ohio Population (Mother-child pairs) [No association with executive function deficits in school-age children]
171 3/10/16 Yes [Qin, X.D., et al., “Positive associations of serum perfluoroalkyl substances with uric acid and hyperuricemia in children from Taiwan,” J. Env. Pol. (doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.050) (on-line March 10, 2016)] Taiwanese Researchers General Taiwan Population (Children Aged 12-15 Years) Increased serum uric acid levels in boys
172 3/15/16 Yes [Darrow, L.A., et al., “Modeled Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure and Liver Function in a Mid-Ohio Valley Community,” Environ. Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510391) (on-line March 15, 2016)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population Increased ALT

Decreased bilirubin

173 8/16 Yes [Lopez-Espinosa, M.J., et al., “Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Sex Hormones, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 at 6-9 Years of Age: A Cross Sectional Analysis within the C8 Health Project,” 124 (8) Environ. Health Persp. 1269-1275 (Aug. 2016)] C8 Science Panel WV/OH Settlement Population (6-9 Years Old) Decreased testosterone in boys
174 8/9/16 Yes [Grandjean, P., et al., “Serum Vaccine Antibody Concentrations in Adolescents Exposed to Perfluorinated Compounds,” Environ Health Persp. ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP275) (on-line Aug. 9, 2016)] Harvard Univ. General Faroe Islands Population (Ages 7, 13) Decreased antibody response