TAB |
DATE |
PUBLISHED? |
SPONSOR |
POPULATION |
ASSOCIATION |
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT? |
I. LIPIDS |
1 |
12/22/78 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Increased incidence of metabolic disorders |
Yes |
12 |
1996 |
Yes |
Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Altered HDL dependant on alcohol & obesity levels |
Yes |
17 |
3/03 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased triglycerides
Increased cholesterol |
Yes
Yes |
15 |
2000 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Decreased CCK |
Yes |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for:
- disorders of lipid metabolism
- cholelithiasis |
|
20 |
9/7/04 |
No |
Mitini (Italy) |
Mitini Italian PFOA Workers |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased non-HDL cholesterol |
No
No |
22 |
1/10/05 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased LDL
Increased triglycerides |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
24 |
8/06 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
Increased cholesterol |
No |
27 |
6/07 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama/Belgium/
Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Decreased HDL
Increased triglycerides |
Yes
Yes |
30 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased total cholesterol
|
Yes
|
32 |
10/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased LDL
Increased VLDL |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
33 |
2008 |
No |
WVU |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased total cholesterol-children
|
|
36 |
12/29/08 |
Yes |
Taiwan Hospital |
General U.S. Population |
Increased B cell function (associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome) |
Yes |
40 |
3/09 |
Yes |
Mitini |
Mitini Italian PFOA Workers |
Increased total cholesterol |
Yes |
47 |
10/21/09 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Adults) |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased LDL
Increased non-HDL
Increased triglycerides |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
52 |
11/2/09 |
Yes |
Boston Univ. |
General U.S. Population |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased non-HDL cholesterol |
Yes
Yes |
59 |
9/7/10 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (Children) |
Increased total cholesterol
Increased LDL
Increased HDL |
Yes
Yes
No |
82 |
11/17/11 |
Yes |
Taiwan Hospital |
General Taiwanese Population (ages 12-30) |
No associations with glucose homeostasis, adiponectin level, lipid profile, or inflammatory markers in young population with low average PFOA exposures (only 2.39 ppb average PFOA serum level) |
|
89 |
12/5/11 |
No |
C-8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Decreased LDL associated with decreased PFOA |
Yes |
96 |
2/12 |
No |
3M |
3M Fluorochemical Demolition Workers |
[No significant positive associations with non-HDL cholesterol] |
|
93 |
3/12 |
Yes |
3M |
General US Population |
Partitioning of PFOA to lipid fraction of blood does not support reverse causality on lipid associations |
|
II. URIC ACID |
22 |
1/10/05 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased uric acid
|
Yes
|
40 |
3/09 |
Yes |
Mitini |
Mitini Italian PFOA Workers |
Increased uric acid
|
Yes
|
48 |
10/22/09 |
Yes |
C-8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (adults) |
Increased uric acid |
Yes |
78 |
9/11 |
Yes |
WVU |
General U.S. Population |
Increased uric acid |
Yes |
III. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (IHD) |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for coronary disease/cardiac arrest/hypertension |
|
31 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased IHD mortality
|
No
|
37 |
2008 |
Yes |
Plaintiffs |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased self-reports of angina |
|
44 |
6/23/09 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased IHD deaths at longest exposure categories |
No |
IV. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE (STROKE/MI) |
5 |
3/30/81 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased MI incidence among foremen |
Yes |
16 |
4/26/01 |
No |
Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased death from cerebrovascular disease
|
Yes |
37 |
2008 |
Yes |
Plaintiffs |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased self reports of MI
Increased self reports of stroke |
|
51 |
11/09 |
Yes |
3M/Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased cerebrovascular disease death
|
Yes
|
V. DIABETES |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for diabetes |
|
31 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased diabetes mortality
|
Yes
|
36 |
12/29/08 |
Yes |
Taiwan Hospital |
General U.S. Population |
Increased B cell function
(associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome) |
Yes |
46 |
9/09 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
[no association with adult Type II diabetes] |
|
51 |
11/09 |
Yes |
3M/Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased diabetes death |
Yes |
98 |
4/13/12 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
[No Probable Link with adult Type II diabetes] |
|
VI. CANCER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
10/92 |
No |
U. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased leukocyte counts
Increased prostate cancer deaths in long exposure group |
Yes
Yes |
11 |
9/93 |
Yes |
U. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased prostate cancer deaths in high exposure group |
Yes |
16 |
4/26/01 |
No |
U. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
[no cancer death excess using redefined exposure categories] |
|
18 |
2003 |
Yes |
U. Minn. |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased bladder cancer deaths
Increased liver cancer deaths |
Yes
No |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for:
- Malignant colon neoplasm
- Malignant rectum neoplasm
- Malignant neoplasm of lower respiratory tract
- Malignant skin melanoma
- Malignant prostate neoplasm
- Benign colonic polyps
|
|
90 |
10/04 |
No |
UCLA |
WV/OH C8 Community
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased self-reported prevalence of:
- Uterine/cervical cancer
- Multiple myeloma
- Lung cancer
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Bladder cancer
- Colon/rectal cancer
Increased bladder cancer
Increased kidney cancer
Increased prostate cancer |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes |
21 |
11/04-
2/05 |
No |
UCLA |
WW/OH C8 Community
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased self-reported cervical/uterine cancer
Increased self-reported prostate cancer
Increased self-reported breast cancer
Increased prostate cancer |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
23 |
3/1/06 |
No |
WV Dept. Health |
Wood/Mason Cty WV General Population |
Increased prostate cancer incidence
Increased leukemia incidence
Increased non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence
Increased cutaneous melanoma |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
25 |
11/06 |
Yes |
Univ. Cincinnati |
Firefighters (PFOA not directly measured) |
Increased risk of multiple myeloma
Increased risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Increased risk of prostate cancer
Increased risk of testicular cancer |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
31 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased death from kidney cancer |
No |
43 |
4/7/09 |
Yes |
Danish Cancer Society |
General Danish Population |
Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in highest exposure group |
No |
51 |
11/09 |
Yes |
3M/Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased prostate cancer death
|
Yes
|
70. |
7/15/11 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased death from kidney cancer |
Yes |
79 |
10/6/11 |
Yes |
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark) |
General Greelandic Inuit Population |
Increased risk of breast cancer |
Yes (combined PFCs) |
99 |
4/15/12 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Probable Link with testicular cancer
Probable Link with kidney cancer
[No Probable Link with other cancers]
|
Yes
Yes |
VII. IMMUNE FUNCTION |
1 |
12/22/78 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Increased incidence of allergic disorders |
Yes |
24 |
8/06 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
Increased monocyte count
|
Yes
|
33 |
2008 |
No |
WVU |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Decreased CRP
Decreased IG |
|
40 |
3/09 |
Yes |
Mitini (Italy) |
Mitini Italian PFOA Workers |
Increased IgA
Increased globulins |
No
Yes |
42 |
3/16/09 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Decreased lgA
Increased ANA
Decreased CRP
Decreased IgE (females) |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
56 |
2010 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking, OH Water Customers |
Increased anemia |
Yes |
58 |
8/26/10 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish Population |
Slightly increased risk of hospitalization for girls with highest prenatal exposures |
No |
67 |
4/19/11 |
Yes |
Taiwan Hospital |
General Taiwan Population (Children) |
Increased cord blood IgE levels |
Yes |
80 |
10/11 |
Yes |
Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) |
General Sapparo Japan Population (Infants) |
Decreased IgE (female infants)
[No associations with food allergy, eczema, wheezing, or otitis media in first 18 months]
|
Yes |
91 |
1/25/12 |
Yes |
Harvard Univ. |
General Faroe Islands Population (Children) |
Decreased humoral immune response to childhood immunizations |
Yes |
97 |
2/12 |
No |
Norwegian Inst. Pub. Health |
General Norwegian Population - Children |
Decreased response to rubella vaccinations
|
|
VIII. THYROID FUNCTION |
10 |
10/92 |
No |
U. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased TSH
|
Yes |
17 |
3/03 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased T3
|
Yes
|
24 |
8/06 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
[no effect on thyroid] |
|
27 |
6/07 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama/Belgium/
Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Decreased free T4
Increased T3
|
Yes
Yes |
33 |
2008 |
No |
WVU |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased free TH |
|
39 |
2/09 |
Yes |
SUNY |
New York General Population-Fishermen |
[no effects on thyroid function] |
|
55 |
1/20/10 |
Yes |
Peninsula Medical School |
General U.S. Population |
Increased reported thyroid disease in women
Increased reported thyroid disease in men |
Yes
No |
65 |
2/8/11 |
Yes |
Univ. Alberta |
General Alberta Canada Population |
[no effect on hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women] |
|
73 |
8/1/11 |
Yes |
WVU |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased serum thyroxine
Reduced T3 |
Yes
Yes |
74 |
8/2/11 |
Yes |
Korean Univ. |
General S. Korean Population |
Reduced thyroid hormone levels |
No |
87 |
12/5/11 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population - Adults |
Increased thyroid disease |
Yes (women) |
75 |
3/27/12 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population - Children |
Increased thyroid disease |
|
IX. LIVER FUNCTION |
1 |
12/22/78 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Abnormal liver function |
|
2 |
3/15/79 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Abnormal liver function |
No |
3 |
8/80 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased SGOT
|
|
4 |
1/28/81 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased SGOT
Increased AP |
Yes
Yes |
7 |
5/28/82 |
No |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
[no elevated liver enzymes] |
|
8 |
1/28/83 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
[no elevated liver enzymes] |
|
12 |
1996 |
Yes |
Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Altered SGOT, GGT, and SGPT dependant on alcohol & obesity levels |
Yes |
13 |
8/5/96 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased SGOT
Increased AP
Increased LDH |
No
No
No |
15 |
2000 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
[No elevated liver enzymes]
|
|
17 |
3/03 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Belgium/Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased GGT
Increased AP
Increased ALT |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for liver disorders |
|
24 |
8/06 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
[no liver associations found] |
|
26 |
4/2/07 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased LDH
Decreased total bilirubin
Increased serum aspartate aminotransferase |
|
27 |
6/07 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama/Belgium/
Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Decreased bilirubin
Increased Alkaline phosphatase
Increased ALT/GGT |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
30 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Decreased total bilirubin
Increased AST |
Yes
Yes |
32 |
10/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased GGT
Increased AST
Increased ALT |
Yes
No
No |
33 |
2008 |
No |
WVU |
C8 WV/OH Settlement Population |
Increased ALT
Increased AST/SGOT |
|
40 |
3/09 |
Yes |
Mitini |
Mitini Italian PFOA Workers |
Decreased bilirubin
Increased ALT
Increased GGT
Increased ALP |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
53 |
12/15/09 |
Yes |
Taiwan Hospital |
General U.S. Population |
Increased ALT
Increased GGT |
Yes
No |
71 |
1/30/12 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
C8 WV/OH Settlement Population |
Increased ALT
Altered bilirubin |
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. KIDNEY FUNCTION |
13 |
8/5/96 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased kidney disease incidence |
No |
31 |
8/07 |
Yes |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased death from kidney cancer |
No |
70 |
7/15/11 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased death from kidney cancer
Increased death from chronic kidney disease |
Yes
Yes |
76 |
8/26/11 |
Yes |
WVU |
General US Population |
Increased chronic kidney disease |
Yes |
95 |
2/12 |
No |
3M |
3M Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased chronic kidney disease |
No |
XI. HORMONE EFFECTS |
2 |
3/15/79 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Increased incidence of endocrine/metabolic disorders
|
Yes
|
10 |
10/92 |
No |
Univ. Minn. |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased estrodiol
Decreased free testosterone
Increased hemoglobin
Increased mean cellular volume
|
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
14 |
7/98 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased estradiol in high exposure group
Elevated 17-HP |
No
No |
26 |
4/2/07 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased estradiol
Increased testosterone
|
|
XII. DEVELOPMENTAL/REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS |
6 |
9/81 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers |
Increased birth defect incidence |
Yes |
9 |
12/84 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont WV PFOA Workers - Males |
CLAIMS of infertility among male workers – not pursued |
|
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for:
- Preterm labor
- Infertility
|
|
21 |
11/04-
2/05 |
No |
UCLA |
WW/OH C8 Community
|
Decreased age to menopause
|
|
28 |
7/31/07 |
Yes |
Johns Hopkins |
General US Population |
Decreased birth weight
Decreased ponderal index
Decreased head circumference |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
29 |
8/16/07 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish Population |
Decreased birth weight |
Yes |
35 |
11/4/08 |
Yes |
Hokkaido Univ. (Japan) |
General Sapporo Japan Population |
[no effects on birth weight] |
|
38 |
1/28/09 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish population |
Increased time to pregnancy |
Yes |
41 |
3/2/09 |
Yes |
Univ. Denmark |
General Danish population |
Decreased normal sperm |
Yes |
45 |
819/09 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased preeclampsia
Increased birth defects |
Yes
Yes |
49 |
10/28/09 |
Yes |
Univ. Alberta |
General Alberta Canada Population |
[no effect on birth weight] |
|
50 |
11/09 |
Yes |
Univ. Cincinnati |
General OH/KY Population |
Increased pubescent maturation in breasts of young girls |
|
54 |
2009 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
[no effects on birth weight] |
|
56 |
2010 |
Yes |
Univ. Penn. |
Little Hocking OH Water Customers |
Increased dysfunctional labor |
Yes |
58 |
8/26/10 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish Population |
Slightly increased risk of hospitalization for girls with highest prenatal PFOA exposure |
No |
60 |
9/13/10 |
Yes |
Emory Univ. |
General U.K. Population |
Decreased time to menarche/puberty in girls |
No |
62 |
10/12/10 |
Yes |
Danish Government |
General Danish Population |
Decreased baby weight in first year
Decreased baby body mass in first year |
Yes
Yes |
66 |
3/16/11 |
Yes |
WVU |
WW/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Decreased time to menopause |
Yes |
61 |
5/2/11 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (children) |
Increased time to reach puberty in girls |
Yes |
69 |
7/11 |
Yes |
3M |
General NC Population |
No significant effects on sperm quality |
|
72 |
5/12 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased preeclampsia
Slight increase in congenital heart defects
[No other birth outcome effects] |
Yes
|
74 |
8/2/11 |
Yes |
Korean Univ. |
General S. Korean Population |
[No association with birth weight] |
|
94 |
3/15/12 |
Yes |
Danish Univ. |
General Greenland, Poland, Ukraine Population - Male |
Slight increase in SHBG and TUNEL-positivity
[No other associations with sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptosis or reproductive hormones] |
No |
77 |
3/26/12 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Inconsistent decreased birth weight in highest exposure categories
Inconsistent reduced fetal growth
Large, imprecise associations with preterm birth
[No association with stillbirth, pregnancy-induced hypertension] |
|
81 |
11/10/11 |
Yes |
NIEHS |
General Norwegian Population |
Increased subfecundity (time to pregnancy) in parous but not nulliparous women |
Yes |
83-86, 88 |
12/5/11 |
No |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Probable Link with pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia
[No Probable Link with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, or birth defects] |
|
92 |
2/3/12 |
Yes |
Danish/Icelandic Researchers |
General Danish Population |
Increased overweight status in female children at age 20 |
Yes |
XIII. NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS |
2 |
3/15/79 |
No |
DuPont |
DuPont NJ Fluoroproducts Workers |
Increased mental/psychoneurotic disorders |
Yes |
34 |
10/08 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish Population |
[no effect on APGAR scores] |
|
57 |
6/15/10 |
Yes |
Boston Univ. |
General U.S. Population (12-15 Year-Olds) |
Increased self-report of ADHD |
Yes |
63 |
11/9/10 |
Yes |
Univ. Cal. |
General Danish Population (Children) |
[no effect on behavioral/motor coordination at age 7] |
|
64 |
10/1/11 |
Yes |
C8 Science Panel |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population (5-18 Year-Olds) |
Increased self-reported ADHD with medication in children at lower exposure levels with decreased level at highest exposure level |
|
XIV. PANCREATIC EFFECTS |
15 |
2000 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Minnesota Fluorochemical Workers |
Decreased CCK |
No |
19 |
8/04 |
Yes |
3M |
3M Alabama Fluorochemical Workers |
Increased episodes of care for:
- acute pancreatitis
- pancreatitis
|
|
43 |
4/7/09 |
Yes |
Danish Cancer Society |
General Danish Population |
Increased risk of pancreatic cancer in highest exposure group |
No |
XV. OSTEOARTHRITIS EFFECTS |
68 |
6/27/11 |
Yes |
WVU |
WV/OH C8 Settlement Population |
Increased osteoarthritis |
Yes |
